Aboriginal litigation is one of the fastest growing areas of Canadian law. Informed strategy and subject matter expertise are essential to reducing risk, resolving conflicts efficiently, and supporting sustainable relationships between Indigenous, government and industry parties.
The Cassels Aboriginal Law Litigation & Dispute Advisory team is recognized for its comprehensive expertise and leadership in navigating the intricate and evolving landscape of Aboriginal law across Canada. Our team provides unparalleled legal representation in a wide array of Aboriginal litigation matters across the country through our capacity to leverage the knowledge and experience of both our Aboriginal law practitioners and nationally recognized Litigation Group.
Our Expertise
We offer specialized legal services in all aspects of Aboriginal law, including:
- Alternative Dispute Resolution: Our lawyers are trained and certified in domestic and international mediation and arbitration, and have extensive experience in resolving disputes outside of court proceedings.
- Appellate Advocacy: We frequently act for parties and interveners across the country in appeals, applications for leave to appeal, and judicial reviews. We have extensive experience navigating all aspects of the appellate process and have a proven track record before the Supreme Court of Canada, the Federal Court of Appeal, and provincial and territorial appellate courts.
- Civil and Contractual Disputes: Our team handles civil and contractual disputes involving Aboriginal legal interests with precision and efficiency. We offer representation in a variety of contexts, including disputes arising in business relationships, real estate contracts, resource agreements, partnerships involving Aboriginal entities.
- Constitutional Issues and Section 35: With a strong focus on Constitutional law, we advise on and litigate matters involving Section 35 which recognizes and affirms Aboriginal and treaty rights. Our expertise includes representing clients in high-stakes litigation at all levels of court, including the Supreme Court of Canada.
- Duty to Consult: We have a deep understanding of the duty to consult and accommodate Aboriginal peoples, a crucial aspect of Canadian Aboriginal law spanning a wide array of industry and government mandates. Our team provides strategic advice and representation to ensure that consultations are conducted appropriately, minimizing legal risks and fostering positive relationships between stakeholders.
- Judicial Review: Practicing in all provinces and territories, our group has significant expertise in judicial review proceedings in provincial and territorial courts, and the Federal Court, specifically regarding reviews of regulatory, environmental, and administrative law matters.
- Land Claims and Rights Assertions: We represent clients in both specific and comprehensive land claims, as well as in assertions of Aboriginal rights. Our experience spans negotiating settlements, representing clients in court and alternative dispute resolution proceedings (including mediation and arbitration), and navigating the legal and political complexities of these claims.
- Major Projects: Our group has extensive experience advising on and litigating issues related to major infrastructure and resource development projects. We work closely with clients to navigate the complexities of Aboriginal and treaty rights, ensuring compliance with legal obligations while facilitating successful project execution.
Our Clients
Our clients include companies operating in the mining, oil and gas, power, renewable energy, LNG, forestry, real estate, construction, transportation and infrastructure industries. Our team also frequently acts for and advises:
- Canadian Port Authorities, and other federally regulated bodies and entities;
- financial institutions and investors, including private equity firms;
- Indigenous governments.
- industry associations;
- project proponents and key stakeholders; and
- public governments;
Representative Work
Members of the group have been involved in some of the most important Aboriginal rights and title litigation matters across Canada, including:
- JD Irving, Limited et al v Wolastoqey Nation, 2025 NBCA 129
- Saskatchewan (Environment) v Métis Nation – Saskatchewan, 2025 SCC 4
- Kebaowek First Nation v Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, 2025 FC 319
- Reference re An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit and Métis children, youth and families, 2024 SCC 5
- Actton Super-Save Gas Stations Ltd v Eneas, 2024 BCSC 743
- Wolastoqey Nations v New Brunswick and Canada, et al, 2024 NBKB 203
- Luutkudziiwus v Canada (Attorney General), 2023 FC 1133
- R v Desautel, 2021 SCC 17
- Ignace v British Columbia (Chief Inspector of Mines), 2021 BCSC 1989
- Kwikwetlem First Nation v British Columbia (Attorney General), 2021 BCCA 311
- Giesbrecht v British Columbia (Attorney General), 2020 BCSC 174
- Manitoba Metis Federation Inc v Brian Pallister et al, 2020 MBQB 49
- Yukon v BYG Natural Resources Inc, 2020 YKSC 6
- Mi’kmaq of PEI v Province of PEI et al, 2019 PECA 26 aff’g 2018 PESC 20
- Giesbrecht v British Columbia, 2018 BCSC 822
- Giesbrecht v British Columbia, 2017 BCSC 1920
- Ross River Dena Council v Yukon (Government of), 2015 YKSC 45
- Grassy Narrows First Nation v Ontario (Natural Resources), 2014 SCC 48
- Taku River Tlingit First Nation v British Columbia (Minister of Environment), 2014 BCSC 1278
- Coldwater First Nation v Canada (Indian Affairs and Northern Development), 2013 FC 1138
- Keewatin v Ontario (Natural Resources), 2013 ONCA 158
- White River First Nation v Yukon (Energy, Mines and Resources), 2013 YKSC 10
- White River First Nation v Yukon Government, 2013 YKSC 66
- Neskonlith Indian Band v Salmon Arm (City), 2012 BCCA 379
- Haida Nation v British Columbia (Minister of Forests), 2004 SCC 73
- Kátlodééche First Nation v HMTQ, 2003 NWTSC 70, add’l reasons 2004 NWTSC 12